List of genetics pages:C

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This page is part of the EvoWiki encyclopedia of genetics and molecular biology.

Topics: Genetics - Transmission genetics - Molecular genetics - Population genetics - Quantitative genetics - Molecular biology - Genomics
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C value - The amount of DNA found in a haploid set of chromosomes
CAAT box - Section of DNA in eukaryotes that signals the initiation site of a gene ~75 bases away
Cancer - Uncontrolled cell division caused by damage to DNA
Carcinogen - Substance that increases incidence of cancer by mutating DNA
Catabolite repression - Inactivation of a bacterial gene in the presence of glucose
cDNA - DNA made from RNA by reverse transcriptase
Cell cycle - The cycle of growth and reproduction of cells including genome replication
Cellular oncogene - Gene responsible for the cancerous state of a cancer cell
CEN sequence - Sequence of DNA at the centromere
Central dogma of genetics - DNA codes RNA codes Protein
Centromere - Specialised region of chromosome visible as a constriction
Chain-terminating codon - A codon for which no anticodon tRNA molecule exists, signaling the end of the peptide chain
Character - Observable phenotypic feature attributable to genes
Chiasma - Structure formed during crossing over where complimentary chromatids join
Chromatid - One half of a chromosome
Chromatin - Complex of DNA and histone
Chromosome - Long continuous strand of DNA in eukaryotic cells
Chromosome mutation - A large scale mutation involving variation in chromosome number or structure
Cistron - Length of DNA that codes for a single protein
Classical model of variation - Theory that most DNA does not vary, replaced by the neutral mutation model
Cline - Change in allele frequency across geographical transect
Coding sequence - Sequence of mRNA molecule that specifies amino acid sequence of peptide
Codominance - Heterozygous genotype in which both alleles contribute to the phenotype
Codon - Three adjacent nucleotides specifying one amino acid
Comparative genome analysis - Comparison of DNA sequence of two individuals to determine which regions are conserved, and therefore likely to be subject to natural selection
Complimentary base pairing - Hydrogen bonding between specific purines and pyrimidines in nucleic acids
Conjugation - Transfer of genes between bacterial cells
Constitutive gene - Gene essential to the normal functioning of the cell
Contributing allele - Allele which contributes to the phenotype
Controlling site - Area of DNA adjacent to a gene which controls the transcription of the gene
Coordinate induction - Simultaneous transcription and translation of more than one gene
Cotransduction - The transduction (movement between cells) of more than one bacterial gene simultaneously by a phage
Crisscross inheritance - Transmission where genetic material spends alternate generations in alternate genders
Crossing over - Mixing of genetic materia in meiosis
Cytosine - One of the four organic bases in DNA