Aristotle
From EvoWiki
Aristoteles of Stagira (384-322 BCE), better-known as Aristotle, a pupil of Plato, was an ancient Greek polymath; "philosopher" does not do justice to his wide range of interests. He wrote on:
In biology, he made numerous very detailed observations, including many dissections; some of his observations have proved remarkably accurate. He also produced the first detailed taxonomy, dividing animals into blooded and bloodless ones, and from there into further subcategories.
His view of the history of life was non-evolutionary and non-creationist; he believed that the Universe is eternal, being pretty much the same for all time. Species don't evolve, but they had always been in existence. He also believed that living things have three types of vital force: the vegetable soul, that all living things have, the animal soul, that all animals have, and the rational soul, that only humanity has.
